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Eliezer ben Hurcanus or Eliezer ben Hyrcanus (the surname coming from the father's Hellenized name) ((ヘブライ語:אליעזר בן הורקנוס)), a Kohen,〔Korban Ha'eidah to Talmud Yerushalmi, Sotah 3:4〕 was one of the most prominent tannaim of the 1st and 2nd centuries, disciple of R. Johanan ben Zakkai〔''Pirkei Abot'' 2:8〕〔''The Fathers, according to Rabbi Nathan'' 6:3〕〔''The Fathers, according to Rabbi Nathan'' 14:5〕 and colleague of Gamaliel II, whose sister he married (see Imma Shalom), and of Joshua ben Hananiah.〔〔''Pirkei Abot'' 2:8〕〔''Baba Batra'' 10b〕 He is the sixth most frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah.〔Drew Kaplan, ("Rabbinic Popularity in the Mishnah VII: Top Ten Overall Final Tally" ) ''Drew Kaplan's Blog'' (5 July 2011).〕 == Introduction to Torah == His earlier years are wrapped in myths, but from these it may be inferred that he was somewhat advanced in life when a desire for learning first seized him, and impelled him, contrary to the wishes of his father, to desert his regular occupation and to depart to Jerusalem to devote himself to the study of the Torah. Here he entered Johanan's academy and for years studied diligently, notwithstanding the fact that he had to cope with great privations. It is said that sometimes many days elapsed during which he did not have a single meal. Johanan, recognizing Eliezer's receptive and retentive mind, styled him "a cemented cistern that loses not a drop".〔 These endowments were so pronounced in him that in later years he could declare, "I have never taught anything which I had not learned from my masters".〔''Sukkah'' 28a〕 His father in the meantime determined to disinherit him, and with that purpose in view went to Jerusalem, there to declare his will before Johanan ben Zakkai. The great teacher, having heard of Hyrcanus' arrival and of the object of his visit, instructed the usher to reserve for the expected visitor a seat among those to be occupied by the elite of the city, and appointed Eliezer lecturer for that day. At first the latter hesitated to venture on Johanan's place, but, pressed by the master and encouraged by his friends, delivered a discourse, gradually displaying wonderful knowledge. Hyrcanus having recognized in the lecturer his truant son, and hearing the encomiums which Johanan showered on him, now desired to transfer all his earthly possessions to Eliezer, but the scholar, overjoyed at the reconciliation, declined to take advantage of his brothers, and requested to be allowed to have only his proportionate share.〔''The Fathers, according to Rabbi Nathan'' 6:3〕〔''Ethics of Rabbi Eliezer'' 1+〕 He continued his attendance at Johanan's college until near the close of the siege of Jerusalem, when he and Joshua assisted in smuggling their master out of the city and into the Roman camp. Subsequently Eliezer proceeded to Jamnia,〔''The Fathers, according to Rabbi Nathan'' 4:5〕〔''Gittin'' 56〕 where he later became a member of the Sanhedrin under the presidency of Gamaliel II,〔''The Fathers, according to Rabbi Nathan'' 14:6〕〔''Sanhedrin'' 17b〕 though he had established, and for many years afterward conducted, his own academy at Lydda.〔''Sanhedrin'' 36b〕 His fame as a great scholar had in the meantime spread, R. Johanan himself declaring that Eliezer was unequaled as an expositor of traditional law;〔 and many promising students, among them Akiba,〔〔''Pesahim'' (Jerusalem Talmud only) 6:33b〕 attached themselves to his school. Eliezer became known as "Eliezer ha-Gadol" ("the Great";〔''Orlah'' (Tosefta) 8〕〔''Berakhot'' 6a〕〔''Berakhot'' 32a〕〔''Sotah'' 13b〕〔''Sotah'' 48b-49a〕 generally, however, he is styled simply "R. Eliezer"), and with reference to his legal acumen and judicial impartiality, the Scriptural saying "That which is altogether just ("Justice, justice" ) shalt thou follow," was thus explained: "Seek a reliable court: go after R. Eliezer to Lydda, or after Johanan ben Zakkai to Beror Hel," etc.〔''Sanhedrin'' 32b〕 Once he accompanied Gamaliel and Joshua on an embassy to Rome.〔''Sanhedrin'' (Jerusalem Talmud only) 7:25d〕〔''Deuteronomy Rabbah'' 2:24〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eliezer ben Hurcanus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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